23 Ene How Many Level Speed Of Micro Needle?
How Many Level Speed Of Micro Needle?
How Many Level Speed Of Micro Needle?
Microneedles were first conceptualized for drug delivery many decades ago, but only became the subject of significant research starting in the mid-1990’s when microfabrication technology enabled their manufacture as (i) solid microneedles for skin pretreatment to increase skin permeability, (ii) microneedles coated with drug that dissolves off in the skin, (iii) polymer microneedles that encapsulate drug and fully dissolve in the skin and (iv) hollow microneedles for drug infusion into the skin. As shown in more than 350 papers now published in the field, microneedles have been used to deliver a broad range of different low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutics and vaccines, including published human studies with a number of small-molecule and protein drugs and vaccines. Influenza vaccination using a hollow microneedle is in widespread clinical use and a number of solid microneedle products are sold for cosmetic purposes. In addition to applications in the skin, microneedles have also been adapted for delivery of bioactives into the eye and into cells. Successful application of microneedles depends on device function that facilitates microneedle insertion and possible infusion into skin, skin recovery after microneedle removal, and drug stability during manufacturing, storage and delivery, and on patient outcomes, including lack of pain, skin irritation and skin infection, in addition to drug efficacy and safety. Building off a strong technology base and multiple demonstrations of successful drug delivery, microneedles are poised to advance further into clinical practice to enable better pharmaceutical therapies, vaccination and other applications.
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Most biotherapeutics and vaccines are injected using a hypodermic needle. Injection provides a low-cost, rapid and direct way to deliver almost any type of molecule into the body. However, hypodermic needles cannot be easily used by patients themselves and are therefore utilized primarily in the clinic or at home by patients who have received special training on correct injection method, safe needle disposal, and other issues [1]. Patient compliance is further limited by pain and needle-phobia experienced by many patients [2–3]. Spread of bloodborne pathogens by needle reuse is also a major concern, especially in developing countries [4–5]. Oral delivery largely overcomes these problems, but many drugs cannot be given by this route due to poor absorption and drug degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and liver [6]. Other routes of administration have also been investigated [7–8], but none offer the broad effectiveness of direct injection using a needle.
Rather than avoiding needles, we and others have proposed shrinking the needle to micron dimensions in order to make use of its powerful delivery capabilities while improving patient compliance and safety. As a micron-scale device, a microneedle should be large enough to deliver almost any drug or small particulate formulation, but still be small enough to avoid pain, fear and the need for expert training to administer. In addition, a microneedle allows precise tissue localization of delivery, such as within the skin, the suprachoroidal space of the eye, and the cell nucleus.
t least, this was the hope. Is there a point to trying to prod one’s skin into submission?
There is science behind the strange procedure. One of the first reports of microneedling in the literature is of using a tattoo gun without ink to repair scars, in another, a hypodermic needle is described as “incisionless surgery.” The time-consuming technique of a professional dipping a single needle in and out of skin to prompt it to repair itself eventually evolved into rollers, and pens wielding needles in clusters. It can help skin mask the ghosts of teenage acne, or turn back the clock a bit on signs of aging. It’s especially useful for treating scars and discolorations in patients with dark skin, for whom harsher (and more effective) removal methods involving lasers can be risky due to their propensity to cause burns.
When done by a dermatologist, the handful of sessions needed to make a clear difference in skin can run a few thousand dollars. The budget of this column (and also this human) does not account for multi-thousand-dollar treatments, nor the $200 at-home version that won an Allure Best of Beauty award in 2017 in the category “Skin-Care Devices (For Rejuvenation).” (The company declined to send a sample unit due to a volume of requests.) So I ordered a $26 Microneedle Face Roller System with a hot-pink roller from Dermstore. It had good reviews and was recommended as a suitable starting point by the retailer’s blog. DIY face surgery lite would reach me in two days, according to the tracking info.